FASHION AND TOURISM

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FASHION AND TOURISM: the best collection in the world found you here ...

2010-09-02T12:53:00.000-07:00

FASHION AND TOURISM: the best collection in the world found you here

...: "the best collection in the world found you here Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.The World Tourism Organiz..."

2010-08-16T02:10:00.000-07:00

the best collection in the world found you here

Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited".^[1] Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2008, there were over 922 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 1.9% as compared to 2007. International tourism receipts grew to US$944 billion (euro 642 billion) in 2008, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 1.8%.^[2]

As a result of the late-2000s recession, international travel demand suffered a strong slowdown beginning in June 2008, with growth in international tourism arrivals worldwide falling to 2% during the boreal summer months.^[3] This negative trend intensified during 2009, exacerbated in some countries due to the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, resulting in a worldwide decline of 4% in 2009 to 880 million international tourists arrivals, and an estimated 6% decline in international tourism receipts.^[4]

Tourism is vital for many countries, such as Egypt, Greece, Lebanon, Spain and Thailand, and many island nations, such as The Bahamas, Fiji, Maldives and the Seychelles, due to the large intake of money for businesses with their goods and services and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services, such as airlines, cruise ships and taxis, hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts, and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, various music venues and the theatre.

Definition

Theobald (1994) suggested that etymologically, the word "tour" is derived from the Latin^[5] 'tornare' and the Greek 'tornos,' meaning 'a lathe or circle; the movement around a central point or axis.' This meaning changed in modern English to represent 'one's turn.' The suffix -ism is defined as 'an action or process; typical behavior or quality' whereas the suffix -ist denotes one that performs a given action. When the word tour and the suffixes -ism and -ist are combined, they suggest the action of movement around a circle. One can argue that a circle represents a starting point, which ultimately returns back to its beginning. Therefore, like a circle, a tour represents a journey that is a round trip, i.e., the act of leaving and then returning to the original starting point, and therefore, one who takes such a journey can be called a tourist.

Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as people who travel "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity."^[6] In 1976, the Tourism Society of England's definition was: "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes."^[7] In 1981, the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home.^[8]

World tourism statistics and rankings

The World Tourism Organization reports the following ten countries as the most visited from 2006 to 2009 by the number of international travelers. When compared to 2006, Ukraine top ten list, surpassing Russia, Austria and Mexico,^[3] and in 2008, surpassed Germany.^[10] In 2008, the U.S. displaced Spain from the second place. Most of the top visited countries continue to be on the European continent.

In 2009, Malaysia made it into the top 10 most visited countries' list. Malaysia secured the ninth position, just below Turkey and Germany. In 2008, Malaysia was in 11th position. Both Turkey Germany climbed one rank in arrivals, occupying seventh and eighth positions respectively, while France continued to lead the ranks in terms of tourist arrivals.

History

Wealthy people have always travelled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long ago, at the time of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for the rich. The word tourism was used by 1811 and tourist by 1840.^[21] In 1936, the League of Nationsforeign tourist as "someone traveling abroad for at least twenty-four hours". Its successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of six months.

Leisure travel

Leisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom – the first European country to promote leisure time to the increasing industrial population.^{[citation needed]}middle class. Cox & Kings was the first official travel company to be formed in 1758.^[22] Initially, this applied to the owners of the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, the factory owners and the traders. These comprised the new

The British origin of this new industry is reflected in many place names. In Nice, France, one of the first and best-established holiday resorts on the French Riviera, the long esplanade along the seafront is known to this day as the Promenade des Anglais; in many other historic resorts in continental Europe, old, well-established palace hotels have names like the Hotel Bristol, the Hotel Carlton or the Hotel Majestic – reflecting the dominance of English customers.

Many leisure-oriented tourists travel to the tropics, both in the summer and winter. Places of such nature often visited are: Bali in Indonesia, Brazil, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Malaysia, the various Polynesian tropical islands, Queensland in Australia, Thailand, and Florida and Hawaii in the United States.

Winter tourism

Major ski resorts are located in the various European countries (e.g. Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland), Canada, the United States, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, Chile and Argentina.

Mass tourism

Mass tourism could only have developed with the improvements in technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest, so that greater numbers of people could begin to enjoy the benefits of leisure time.

In the United States, the first seaside resorts in the European style were at Atlantic City, New Jersey and Long Island, New York.

In Continental Europe, early resorts included: Ostend, popularized by the people of Brussels; Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais) and Deauville (Calvados) for the Parisians; and Heiligendamm, founded in 1797, as the first seaside resort on the Baltic Sea.

Adjectival tourism

For a more comprehensive list, see List of adjectival tourisms

Adjectival tourism refers to the numerous niche or specialty travel forms of tourism that have emerged over the years, each with its own adjective. Many of these have come into common use by the tourism industry and academics.^{[citation needed]} Others are emerging concepts that may or may not gain popular usage. Examples of the more common niche tourism markets include:

2010-08-16T02:02:00.000-07:00

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2010-08-15T02:41:00.000-07:00

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Tour of Bahrin

2010-07-29T11:31:00.001-07:00

About Bahrain...

The Kingdom of Bahrain—a name that translates as “Two Seas”—is actually an archipelago of 33 low-lying islands located in the heart of the Gulf. Situated along major Arabian and international trade routes between Asia and the West, the Kingdom has, for millennia, served as an important port and center of business. Today, the capital city of Manama is a vibrant cosmopolitan center offering an open economy and an educated workforce enhanced by modern cultural amenities like museums, shopping, restaurants and fine hotels.

Though modest in population, land area and resources, Bahrain has achieved considerable social and economic status. Our modern roads, international airport, telecommunications, public services, medical facilities and schools are considered among the best in the Middle East, if not the world.

Located just 25 kilometers from Saudi Arabia and the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Bahrain is easily accessible by sea, air and even automobile via the King Fahd Causeway. Completed in 1986, the causeway provides a symbolic and virtual link between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, connecting the archipelago to mainland Arabia for the first time since people first inhabited the islands. Today, the causeway serves as a vital link to the entire Middle East.

Business...

With the discovery of oil in 1932, Bahrain enjoyed rapid economic development. In the 1960s, the Government adopted a strategy of economic diversification that favored non-oil industries that promised sustainable, long-term growth. Bahrain focused on improving physical infrastructure, telecommunications network, and the legal system in an effort to attract top-quality international companies and investors to Bahrain. Oil revenues were reinvested in education and healthcare, both drivers for non-oil industrial growth. Today, Bahrain offers a strong business ethic and a progressive investment environment.
Bahrain is a borderless island country in the Middle East to be more specific in the Persian Gulf and is also the smallest nation in the entire Arabian region. This Arabian nation is the cultural hub in all of Arab. Bahrain Tourism has always been on the rise and has been attracting large number of tourists from all over the globe.

Bahrain is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the whole of the Middle Eastern area with footfall of over two million visitors per year. One can easily assume that Bahrain Tourism has been doing quite well and has also been earning huge amounts of revenues for the government of the nation. There is a large number of tourists visiting Bahrain and most of them are from the adjoining or nearby Arab or Persian Gulf states but recently there have been a large number of people from around the globe that are visiting this land. There is no dearth of Bahrain Tourist Attractions and they form high points of Tourism in Bahrain.

There is but a unique and novel combination of authentic Arab culture in Bahrain and contemporary as well as modern trends. Culture of Bahrain is therefore quite diversified and offers something for everyone. Anyone visiting Bahrain to experience the authentic Arabian culture would be as pleased as a tourist visiting the place for witnessing the modern and liberal ambience that Bahrain beholds. Bahrain Tourism features several types of Arts and Crafts in Bahrain that would surely attract the tourist with an artistic sense. Music and dance in Bahrain is also highly advanced and these two particular art forms are sure to attract even a larger amount of crowd to this famous Arabian kingdom.

Some of the most famous and popular Bahrain Tourism destinations that are sure to attract huge amounts of travelers include, the Souq that is a fantastic place which sells everything from gold jewels to clothes to traditional spices and is typically a flea market where the tourists can bargain for their desired wares. Bahrain Tourism includes several other tourist attractions like the Al Khamis Mosque in Bahrain, horse riding and horse racing, the Barbar Temple in Bahrain that upholds the rich cultural heritage of the place and the Arab Fort that is a 16th century old fort of huge historical importance. Other magnificent attractions without which the Bahrain Tourism would be incomplete are Al-Khamis House, Siyadi Mosque, King Fahad Causeway and the Jasra House in Bahrain. There is also an array of exhibitions, cinemas, sports and other cultural shows that are held in Bahrain on a regular basis.

United offers daily nonstop flights from Kuwait and Dubai to Washington D.C. and from Washington Dulles hub to a wide range of connecting flights to other parts of the United States.

Travellers from Bahrain, apart from Kuwait and Dubai, also have an option to fly via Europe. We have 10 European gateways: Frankfurt, London, Paris, Rome, Amsterdam, Brussels, Munich, Zurich, Geneva and Moscow.

United Airlines is the world’s second largest airline, carrying nearly a quarter of a million passengers per day on 3,200 flights. The airline flies to more than 200 domestic and international destinations in 26 countries on a fleet of over 400 aircraft. United began direct flights to Washington D.C. from Kuwait City in October 2006 and from Dubai in October 2008. United Airlines has five main hubs in the United States, in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Denver, Washington D.C. and in its home city of Chicago.

Entertainment...

Bahrain has much more nightlife than you might expect. There are bars, nightclubs and some very sophisticated entertainment, jazz, opera, ballet and theatre. There is an abundance of quality restaurants, most of which serve alcohol and the food is usually of an exceptional standard. Something that must be experienced is the traditional Arabic night. They are very good fun due to a combination of belly dancing, live music, and great food. There is also a huge choice of bars and pubs.

Hotels...

Bahrain's hotels offer FIVE Star luxury Hotels and FOUR Star Hotels with elegant decor, impeccable service, and every facility imaginable to satisfy the most demanding guests. Bahrain also offers a wide selection of Three Star, Two Star and One Star Hotels. Bahrain also offers an excellent range of Luxury & Economy apartments that are available on short or long term lets. The Hotels will usually provide free transport from Bahrain airport if notified in advance and have satellite TV as well as the local channels. Many Bahrain hotels have a variety of shops - for example gift shops, bookshops, florists and jewellers - and provide services such as hairdressers, beauty salons, banks, travel agents, car hire and children's amusement arcades. Bahrain also caters for those who prefer the privacy an Apartment affords or the facilities that Resorts offer. Bahrain's Hotels are not simply places to stay but also offer varied live entertainment and so are centres of social life and places to meet both members of the expatriate community and Arabs in surroundings where the normal rules of behaviour are relaxed slightly. Although entry is definitely not usually restricted to hotel guests, some clubs within Bahrain hotels allow entry only to couples and mixed groups.

2010-07-29T11:20:00.000-07:00

Anjuna Beach Goa

Along its 7000 km of coastline, India boasts of a number of beautiful beaches. The tranquil environment with abundant greenery around is just perfect to relax and refresh the drained mind and body. Lie on the smooth sandy beaches and soak the warmth of the sun or simply take a quiet walk barefooted on these beaches. The calming effect will easily penetrate deep into your body. The vast stretches of sea water have a unique ability to carry away all your worries and heartaches along with its waves. You can also watch the sun rise and set far in the horizon and appreciate the beauty that is reflected as a reflection in the water.

And for all those who are more venturesome and yearn for a lot of challenging activities, the beaches have plethora of options to choose from. Swim along with the waves of the ocean water or dive deep into the water to discover a magnificent and colourful marine world. Also, catch the good waves and duckdive the bigger ones while surfing. Cruising in the ocean water is for those who wish to explore the vastness and deepness of the water body without getting wet.

In brief a beach tour in India will provide every kind of tourist one or the other thing to enjoy, from isolation and opportunity for introspection to action and fun. Take a beach trip to India to actually experience what makes the beaches in India attractive to so many tourists.

If you’re after an all-over tan on this year’s vacation Canada has some beautiful beaches. Hanlan’s Point Beach became a nude beach after forward-thinking sunseekers finally convinced local authorities to let it all hang out. And Wreck Beach was Canada’s first and largest nude beach - it has a stunning view to boot. Located at the confluence of the Frasier River with the Straits of Georgia and English Bay, it’s markedly different from Florida’s tropical coastline. Canada vacations offer more than just snow.

So, put the potato salad on hold and whip out the Stairmaster. Get your bikini body in gear and head for the sunny shores of the USA. Who knows what adventure awaits you in the great blue ocean?

The Caribbean Islands are world famous for their luxurious beachfront resorts, casinos and hotels, and the beach resorts in Puerto Rico rank among the best in the region. All across the island’s shores, you’ll find exquisite resorts just waiting to show you what Puerto Rico has to offer. As you would expect, most Puerto Rico resorts are aligned on or near the top beaches. Cities like San Juan, Rincon, Dorado, Vieques and Fajardo are where you’ll find the majority of them.

San Juan has great accommodations in resorts like the Intercontinental Resort and the always flashy San Juan Marriott Resort – equipped with its own casino and looking out onto the glory that is Condado Beach (one of San Juan’s best), beach resorts in Puerto Rico don’t get much better than this. Dont Forget to learn spanish, The San Juan Marriott Resort also has the Stellaris Casino attached if you want a little more excitement on your vacation, while also including some of the city’s high-class restaurants.

The city of Dorado, just west of the capital, is home to a number of beach resorts in Puerto Rico that cater specifically for golfers, not to mention being well-known as one of the choice locations for fishing on the island. Here you’ll find the Dorado del Mar Beach and Golf Resort, offering unlimited play for guests on the astounding courses on the premises, and also the Hyatt Dorado Beach Resort and Country Club, which has everything you could want, for a slightly more affordable price. It is also one of the Puerto Rico resorts most geared towards providing for traveling families.

The Bâb Saîda development is in the superb Marina Beach resort, right next door to Marina Marbella Maroc. The Marina Beach Resort is rightfully famous for its beautiful beaches of golden sand and its crystal clear water, and represents a paradise for sun and sea lovers.

The development has wonderful gardens which frame inviting swimming pools, and the views out to sea are absolutely stunning.

The blocks are sympathetically spaced and no higher than four floors, lending a feeling of relaxed calm to the whole environment. They vary in size from a decent 55 sq metres up to a very spacious 130 sq metres. The bathrooms have a steam room as well as a shower, contributing to the feeling of luxury. While built to the best of modern standards, these properties are also charming, and boast generous terracing from which to enjoy the warm days and evenings.

The development is in a privileged position, being only 200 metres from the marina and right at the entry to the Golden Mile. A theme park and water park are only five minutes away. Southern Spain is only half an hour away via the ferry at Ceuta, and Tangier airport is less than two hours’ drive. Continued investment means that the amenities and facilities of this up-and-coming tourist area are improving all the time.

Anjuna Beach

Anjuna Beach, Mapusa- Goa

About the beach

Situated eight kilometers west of Mapusa, Anjuna beach is the most happening of all beaches, one rather say its the mother of all beaches in Goa. This freak capital of the world is on holiday round the year. Bordered by red laterite cliffs and white sands, the beach presents a contrasting color view. And ever swinging with winds, coconut plantation just adds to the serenity of enjoying a cool breeze on the beach. People flocking this beach are so varied in their interests, yet they all come to Anjuna for the same reason. No one wants to miss the sensation of being on a beach that has been the hub of trance parties since decades. The magic of Anjuna beach can't be put to words, only experienced, maybe in a hopping beach party under a moon lit sky.

History of Anjuna beach is quite young. The beach was 'discovered' sometime in 1950's and 60's by a group of travellers and then they began to meet here in dry season to party.

One of the biggest beaches, the vastness of Anjuna can be realized by the fact that there is a north, a south and a middle to the beach. While most of the hotels, bars and restaurants are in north Anjuna, towards the middle Anjuna is Flea market and in the south is Little Anjuna Beach. The business on Anjuna, be it the stretching sprawl of restaurants or the flea market, is a swirling activity, yet it has that laid back holiday destination feeling to it. The magnet in Anjuna is such that anyone and everyone coming here gets immersed in the culture of Anjuna.

Kovalam Beach

Kovalam Beach- Kerala

About Kovalam Beach

Kovalam, a tiny little town in the district of Thiruvanantpuram in Kerala, is pretty well known for its beaches. Many ardent admirers of Kovalam ceaselessly project it as the best beach destination of the country. And there is nothing wrong in it given the fact that the number of tourists flocking to spend some time on the beach has been forever on increase.

There are actually three beaches that make Kovalam so popular - the Lighthouse beach, Eve's or Hawa beach and Ashok beach. The Lighthouse beach is the southernmost beach and perhaps the most popular amongst the tourists. A rocky promontory separates it from the second beach, Hawa, which in turn is again disjoint from the third beach, Ashok, by a rocky promontory. Apart from these crescent shaped beach, there are a few other lesser known beaches that are equally beautiful and charming in their appeal. .

The history of the Kovalam states that it was a small fishing village, spotlessly clean, till the time the hippies stepped on it. The pristine beauty of the beach and the sparkling views from the rocky promontory entranced them infinitely and the rest as they say is history. People soon began to pour in large numbers to catch a glimpse of the by now famous beach. Its proximity to the capital city of Thiruvanantpuram also ensured that accessing the beach was not a problem for the enthusiasts.

Today, beaches of Kovalam are not as clean as earlier, nevertheless, the magnificent views still continue to enamour tourists beyond words.

Things to Do

A Bit of Sightseeing

Starting from the Lighthouse beach, the first sight that will captivate you is that of the Vizhinjam Lighthouse. Dominating the rocky promontory, the lighthouse still glows in the darkness of night at regular intervals. The light emitted by it during this time creates a magical atmosphere on the beach which you will definitely love. However, the drawback here is that you are not allowed to enter the Lighthouse itself. Quiet closeby another monument dedicated to two 15th century poets from Kovalam, Ayyippilla and Ayyanappilla Asan, is worth a visit.

The rocky promontory that divides the second and the third beach has yet another attraction for you in form of the Halcyon Castle. You can have a look at the castle that presently remains vacant due to an ongoing political tussel. .

A small mosque by the name of Kovalam Jama Masjid stands on the Ashok beach and right across, on the other side of the road, is a Ganapati Temple. You can pay a visit to both these religious places while on Kovalam beach.

Alappuzha Beach

Alappuzha Beach- Kerala

About the Alappuzha Beach

Alappuzha is a tiny place located on a thin strip of land between the Arabian Sea and the Punnamada Backwaters. The place is fondly referred to as the Venice of East because of its striking similarity between the two (Alappuzha and Venice) with regards to intricate maze of backwaters, canals and bridges. In the east the canals open to the Punnamada Backwaters while on the west they end close to the pier of Alappuzha beach. Alappuzha was once a thriving port and also a gateway to enter Kerala. The port was built by Raja Kesava Das, the Deewan of Travancore in the 18th century and facilitated the passage of goods to and from the region.

Today, Alappuzha and its beach are a huge attraction for tourists who are in search of some different experience. The waters of the sea rush towards you as you approach it and seems more than willing to reveal the earthly story of this quaint little town.

Dona Paula Beach

Dona Paula Beach Panaji- Goa

About the Beach

With romance is in the air, the beach is bustling with activity throughout the year. Just seven kilometers from the Goan capital, Panjim is Dona Paula, the most happening beach of the state. Dona Paula is nestled on the southern side of the rocky headland dividing Zuari and Mandovi estuaries.

The greenery to the beach is lent by palm trees and casuarina groves and it presents an excellent view to the Mormugao harbour. The beach has the obvious advantage of being in proximity with the capital city. During festivals like Janmashtami and the feast of St. Lawrence, Dona Paula is immersed in the colours of festivity.

What lends the beach romantic angle is the legend behind the name of Dona Paula. The legend has it that Dona Paula was the daughter of the Viceroy in the colonial era and was in love with Gasper Dias, son of a fisherman. As their love could never be realized, they jumped together from the cliff to death. Furthermore it says that she is seen emerging from the sea wearing only a pearl necklace on moonlit nights. Haunted by the romantic tale of Dona Paula, the beach hold dual attraction for the Indian tourists. Its the same beach where film Ek Duje ke liye was shot.

Fashion in South Africa

2010-07-29T10:14:00.000-07:00

The launch of the Fashion in Africa (FIA) project on the 5th May 2006 was a huge success! Planning for the next event has already commenced! The pilot project has set the stage for other African countries to join South Africa and Tunisia in their quest to promote African fashion and culture collectively to the rest of the continent and the globe

The first-ever Fashion in Africa event was a joint venture between the Tshwane Municipality (Pretoria, South Africa) and the Tunisian Embassy. The idea of collaboration with Tunisia in a culture-related venture stemmed from President Thabo Mbeki's visit there in 2004 to promote trade and business partnerships between this northernmost African country and South Africa, the southernmost African country, symbolizing the drive towards a united continent.

FIA is aimed at promoting African fashion and culture. It envisaged giving rise to fashion-related business opportunities and to open doors for all stake holders in the fashion industry.It will also create opportunities for other African countries to trade with each other, to the benefit of Africa as a whole, thus supporting the NEPAD initiative and, in the long run, NEPAD's key objectives.

FIA project was designed to instill pride in African fashion and culture as a whole, but also to celebrate the diversity of African culture and fashion. In addition, the project was envisaged to strengthen ties between African countries. The pilot project was also envisaged to create a platform for promoting talent in the fashion and textile industries in Africa. Moreover, the pilot project was to have paved the way for expanding the initiative into the global market, especially through the Tunisian partners, so as to promote African fashion and textiles collectively at international events such as the fashion weeks in London, Milan and Paris. If you would like Fashion in Africa to participate in your event, contact the project manager.

The cities of Tunis (Tunisia) and Tshwane (South Africa) have embarked on a joint venture to promote African fashion and culture. The pilot project, Fashion In Africa, is to be hosted by the City of Tshwane and will be launched from 5 – 6 May 2006 at the Wonderboom Airport.

The launch will be in the form of a fashion show that will bring together the northernmost and southernmost capitals of Africa, hence the theme: “When north meets south”. Although the fashion show will focus on designs from Tshwane and Tunis only, it will set the stage for other African countries to join the project in the years after and help unite Africa through fashion and culture. Partnering with African countries to promote African fashion and culture is thus in the pipeline.

The Fashion In Africa pilot project is a joint venture of the Municipality of the City of Tshwane and the Tunisian Embassy. The fashion show is run under the auspices of the Executive Mayor of Tshwane, and is fully endorsed by the Municipal Manager, Mr Blake Mosley-Lefatola, and the Ambassador of Tunisia in South Africa, Mr Ali Goutali.

So while you were blowing your vuvuzelas at the stadiums and fan parks, the who’s who of fashion were at the Sandton Convention Centre in Joburg (Dr Precious Motsepe-Moloi, Edith Venter, Top Billing’s Jeannie Dee, designers David Tlale and Thula Sindi, Jennifer Su, the brothers from Kwela Tebza, just to name a few). I caught up with the new face of Garnier and Selimathunzi presenter, Zizo Beda . Since becoming Miss Teen SA in 2007, she’s been flying. She has a great vibe too. Big up to her on her achievements. Besides all the designer stalls on show, there were a lot of other fun activities, including one of my favourites - the 3D Sony TVs. In true kid-in-a-candy-store style, I went to try it out. I watched Freshlyground and Shakira doing the Waka Waka, jumping out of the screen. Dear Santa, I want this for Christmas . After that fun escape from the fashionistas, I saw a couple of the models teaching some wannabes how to pout. They also seemed to be doing a bit of last minute posing practice. My only problem with the event? Hmm . that would have to be the models - they’re too skinny. Seriously, girls, eating isn’t bad for you. I promise.

Oh, and by the way, US basketballer Kobe Bryant was also there. He’s massive, so are his security guards. They obviously don’t have problems eating. WHEN former Miss Tourism Zimbabwe, Vanessa Sibanda, clinched a deal with South Africa’s G3 Model at the beginning of the year, it was not only a solid personal achievement but a ray of hope for Zimbabwe’s faltering modelling industry. And the beauty queen has not disappointed as she has settled well in SA and is now scoring big. It is only four months since she went down south but Sibanda already boasts a lucrative international profile following a number of successful shows and commercials.

She has been involved in major projects like the SA Fashion Week and La Francophone Fashion Week in addition to featuring in promotionals for renowned designers such as JJ Schoeman, Luxion Kulca and Bridal Couture. She will even be raising her head higher and silencing any critics when she travels to Sri Lanka in the next two weeks. “I will be jetting off for my first runway job outside the continent at the end of the month. “I will be in Sri Lanka between July 29 and 31 for the Asian Fashion Week,” Vanessa revealed from her SA base.
Sibanda says she also took part in some FIFA World Cup promotions ahead of the soccer showcase that ended in SA last week. It is indeed a commendable achievement for the beauty queen.

“I am having a great time at the agency because I am working with fellow Zimbabwean models like Rachel Stuart, Jonathan Denga and Michelle Wallace who have all done well internationally. “They have been with G3 for more than seven years and their support and encouragement has been instrumental in moulding my career to international standards.“South Africa has been extremely enjoyable and has also given me a platform to improve and discover myself deeper.“I can say relocating here has been a huge stepping stone to help me realise part of my dreams.”

Sibanda last visited Zimbabwe in May but would be jetting back home early next month.“In the first days, I used to visit the country every two weeks but I am now very busy.“I have not been home since May. Sadly, I could not be with my mentor Kiki Divaris when her husband died.

“The schedule has been very tight.”

During her spare time, she usually hangs out with friends or goes for a massage or shopping.
Her dream is to set up a modelling academy back home.

History

The telling of South Africa’s history is a controversial issue and has long been a point of contention among historians. The claim is that it is usually seen through a “European perspective” and ignores the history of the African people who inhabited the continent for generations before any settler arrived. This debate is mostly focused on how to record the country’s past in school textbooks and academic journals. Most facts about the European settlers are not in dispute.

European settlement in South Africa began in Cape Town and gradually expanded north. The British were the first to land here, but they decided against setting up a colony at the Cape of Good Hope, leaving it open for the Dutch. Holland realised both the strategic and economic importance of the area and in 1652, they sent Jan van Riebeeck, a successful merchant, to establish a settlement. Riebeeck, along with 82 men and eight women, made the Cape their new home.

These new settlers rapidly developed the port, increasing the need for labour. Slaves were brought in to help out, but as word spread of this new colony, people regularly arrived from Holland and across Europe. These new arrivals replaced the slaves on the construction sites and it was not long before a thriving port was operational. By the beginning of the 18th century, the settlement had grown to such an extent that the Trek Boers (white farmers from Holland) had penetrated the surrounding areas looking for suitable land.

The Trek Boers liked to roam around the country on their carts, but this often caused conflict among local tribes and frequently the indigenous people were forced to fight for their land. This, however, was not the only conflict taking place. In towns and villages, local citizens opposed the corrupt and virtually bankrupt colonial government and demanded independence from the administration.

This conflict ended in 1795 when the British landed on the Cape and declared the colony British. The British continued their rule free from conflict until the mid-19th century. In 1835, over 10,000 Boers left the Cape and travelled northeast. This was largely due to economic problems and the discontent felt for the British who, in 1833, had declared the slave trade to be illegal and suggested equality between whites and non-whites.

The Boers were fighting with a native tribe called the Xhosa and when the British refused to give the Boers sufficient military protection, the Dutch began to feel that the British were destroying their social order of racial separation, or ‘white superiority’. The Boers separated themselves from the British, but this only lasted until 1910, when the South African Union was founded. A democratic state was formed, but only white people had the right to vote.

Racial separation was soon enforced, with the native people being forced to live in an area where no white people were allowed to purchase land and, likewise, they were forbidden to purchase land in the other 87 per cent of the country. In 1948, apartheid was born. This was not only about the separation of races in economic situations, but was increasingly about people’s private lives. Mixed race marriages and any mixed race relationship in general were strictly forbidden. Racial segregation in all public areas was introduced and a new education system was enforced to keep all non-whites at a very low standard. Subjects included dish washing and weeding.

Resistance from the black people came in the form of the African National Congress (ANC). Mass protests resulted in the government banning all opposition groups, forcing them underground. After the Soweto uprising of 1976, the ANC struggle became militant and South Africa became a police state.

In 1989, the then president, FW de Klerk, finally admitted the failure of apartheid policies and the old regime collapsed. This led to the first ever general elections in South Africa. The ANC was unbanned and Nelson Mandela was released from prison after 27 years. Both the ANC and the government agreed to work peacefully together and after two turbulent years, a new constitution was drafted.

In April 1994, the first democratic elections were held, with the ANC gaining the overwhelming majority. Nelson Mandela became the first black president of the new South Africa. The party has won successive elections and appointed the next two presidents, Thabo Mbeki and Jacob Zuma. These days, with little racial conflict, the country’s is considered by many as a “miracle” and a model for others to follow.

Weather

South Africa’s overall climate is very pleasant. Summers are hot and winters are generally mild, although there can be snow in mountainous regions. Rainfall mostly occurs during the summer months of November to March. Peak holiday season is during December and January, especially over the Christmas and New Year celebrations. This is when South Africans head for the coastal resorts and the number of visitors from Europe reaches a peak. But this does not mean that this is the only time to visit the country. For those going on safari or visiting game reserves, the best game viewing takes place from July to September.

If you want to catch the Cape flower season, when the countryside is ablaze with colour, then August and September are the best months. The school holiday months of June/July are busy along the warm west coast of the country, predominantly Durban and the Kwazulu Natal coast. Finally, outdoor activities like diving, hiking and surfing are usually at their best after the summer’s peak, during March and April. Overall, though, if you are after sunny weather, South Africa experiences one of the highest amounts of sunshine per year in the world, making it a popular year-round destination.

Situated on the southernmost tip of Africa, the Republic of South Africa has become the international gateway to an enchanting continent. With its spectacular scenic beauty, sophisticated tourism infrastructure and charming people, it is not difficult to see why the country has been rated one of the must-see destinations on the globe. The awarding of the 2010 Soccer World Cup Finals to South Africa was a final confirmation that the country was ready to take its place as a major international player.

Tourists stream to South Africa for its famed game reserves and lodges, beautiful beaches and historic cities. Seen in an African context, the country has always been something special. Blessed with a wealth of diamonds and minerals such as gold and uranium, it attracted scores of immigrants from Europe. They came not only to share in the country’s bounty, but to enjoy its great climate and high standard of living. The new settlers and the many African tribes that inhabited the country ensured a remarkably diverse population.

The political situation in the country, which led to international boycotts and internal strife in the past, has become one of its major selling points today. Known by many as the 'Rainbow Nation', South Africa is seen a model of how intense rivals can join forces to transform a country. The nation’s “apartheid past” is not hidden, but commemorated in monuments and museums that are major tourist attractions.

First-time visitors to South Africa are often surprised by the sophistication of its tourism industry. With three international airports, it is the gateway to the entire southern African region. Glitzy shopping malls are packed with designer goods and fabulous restaurants rival those in major cities around the globe. Hotels and game lodges are world class. In fact, South Africa regularly dominates polls of the world’s top hotels and, more often than not, one of the exquisite game lodges is voted the number one hotel on the globe! However, part of the charm of the country, is that you can also experience the “real” Africa, the rural lifestyle that has lasted for generations. Small towns and rural communities welcome visitors with open arms and they, in turn, form friendships and bonds that can last forever.

Whatever the reason for visiting the country, few can fail to be enchanted by the scenic beauty. From Cape Town’s magnificent Table Mountain to the farmlands, vineyards, beaches, desert plains and the bushland, this is a destination just waiting to be discovered. The call of nature is strong – and you won’t get any closer to it than in South Africa

Tour on K-2

2010-07-29T09:53:00.000-07:00

Reinhold Messner called K-2 the "Mountain of Mountains" after his ascent of K-2 in 1979. This pyramid of a mountain is right in the heart of the Karokoram Range and can be seen in its entirety from Concordia. It is at the head of the Godwin Austin Glacier which unites with a second glacier at Concordia to form the famous Baltoro Glacier. Four 8000m peaks sit within a radius of 13 miles from Concordia, making this the largest concentration of the highest peaks on earth.

K-2 is the second highest mountain in the world and is located on the border between China and Pakistan. It is said to be the ultimate climb, since many consider it to be much more technically challenging than Mount Everest. Many people try to climb K2, and many have died trying. As of June 2000,189 people have made the summit. The route through the Abruzzi Spur and up the Black Pyramid is said to be slightly easier climbing, more so than the North Ridge route. Eza adds the follwing information: The first climb to K2 was made by the Italian team led by Ardito Desio. The first climbers on top were Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli. Nevertheless, there were some earlier expeditions that made the first reconnaissances of the Abruzzi Spur: the Duke of Abruzzi in 1909 and the American teams led by C.Houston in 1939 and 1953.

jck adds: Many climbers consider K2 as the most difficult one of all 8000 meter peaks.
K2 has four ridges:
south-east:The Abruzzi Spur
south-west:to Negrotto Pass and Angel Peak
north-east:to Juncton Peak
north-west:to Savoia Pass
K2's north face towering over the Glacier K2 is one of the biggest walls on the world.The right side of the wall is enormous north pillar.Over the Godwin Austen Glacier rises beautiful east wall.In 2/3rd of the wall there's a big icy terrace called K2's Arm.West pillar divides west wall into two parts:one over the Negrotto Glacier and the main part over upper part of Savoia Glacier.On that part is big,over 1000 meters high,rocky part called "Barrel".On the south face there are two spurs: right one which reaches The Abruzzi Spur at the height of Arm and left which combines with south west pillar over the hanging glacier de Filippi.

If you are planning on climbing K-2 you will be part of an expedition and all preparations and logistics will be a part of the expedition. For this page, I am going to assume you are more interested in doing a trek to Concordia or K-2 Base camp.

Everything in Pakistan starts from the capitol of Islamabad. You will need to get trekking permits there. Then off to Skardu by plane if weather is good, or by the famous Karakoram highway ( the old silk route) if weather is bad. If you fly to Skardu you will also see the 9th highest mountain in the world- Nanga Parabat. If you go by land - it is a 2 day trip with a stopover usually near Gilgit ( the romantic area thought of as Shangri La and near Hunza- the people noted for living longer than any others in the world). Be prepared for delays here as this is a rather primitive area. This is one trip where I would feel more comfortable as part of a larger group, as stories of robbery abound all along this notorious highway.
Skardu is the gateway to the high peaks of northern Pakistan and will serve as a base of operations. From Skardu you will need to jeep as far as possible towards Askolie, the last village before reaching K-2. Beyond Askolie is complete wilderness and glaciers. From Askolie the normal route will take about 2-3 days to the Paiyu campsite (3666m) near the base of Paiyu Peak (6660m). The next day the trek is usually to Urdukas to cross Baltoro Glacier. Then next day trek to Gore, which is about an 8 hour trek. Then another 5 hour trek to Concordia. It is usually a 4-5 day trek to reach Concordia. Finally, trek to Broad Peak Base Camp and trek to K-2 Base Camp.

Yes, there is red tape. Lots of it. You will need to spend some time in Islamabad at the start of your trek to get your trekking permit. I would recommend being part of a group on this trek as weather and remoteness present conditions where support is crucial.

Mac9805b, who maintains Broad Peak , has provided these figures for Broad Peak and I would imagine they could be used as a guide for possible expenses on K-2: Climbing permits cost $9,000 for up to 7 climbers and are $1,500 for each additional member. In addition to the peak fee, you will need to put up a $6,000 rescue bond (refundable), and a $200 environmental fee. You will be required to travel with a Pakistani Army Liaison Officer, and will also be responsible for his fee, equipment, and expenses. A reasonable budget for a mid-size team is $10,000 per climber plus equipment. For trekking to Base Camp, a reasonable budget is $4,000 per trekker. All Permits must be secured by November of the previous year.

Starting in January 2002, the government of Pakistan has reduced the climbing fees by 50%. It now costs $4,500 for 7 climbers and $750 for each additional one. The rescue bond and environmental fees are unchanged, as are the Liason Officer requirements.

Here is the latest info on fees courtesy of mac9805b, along with some of his comments:
I found the exact permit fees for K2, they are actually slightly higher than Broad Peak. The rescue bond and enviornmental fee are the same, though. You can update the estimates for a climbing expedition based upon this. The site that I used as a reference when I initially put the Broad Peak page together didn't mention that K2's were actually higher. Sorry about that.
This has got to be one of the most beautiful mountain areas in the world. Not only are there high mountains, but also spectacular views of some of the best vertical needles in the world. The trek on the Baltoro Glacier provides awesome mountain scenery of Masherbrum (7750m),Uli Biaho Tower (6190m), Trango Towers (6300m) Grand Cathedral (5228m) and Mustagh Tower (7284). From Concordia you can see K-2 as well as Broad Peak (8044m), Gasherbrum Group, Golden Throne (7365m) and Chogolisa (7686m).

In 1954, an Italian expedition came to Pakistan to try its luck on K2. It consisted of twelve climbers and four scientists and was led by veteran mountaineer, Professor Ardito Desio, who had come to these mountains with Italian expeditions before the World War II. Colonel M. Ataullah and Arshad Munir accompanied the expedition from Karakoram Club of Pakistan. Captain (later Lt. General) G.S. Butt was the liaison officer.

Poor weather hindered the progress of the party for a pretty long time. As soon as the weather cleared, the party made very good progress and set up camp II. It was at this camp that one of its members, Mario Puchoz, a 36-year old guide, died of pneumonia on the 21st June. It Is believed that he had contracted high altitude pulmonary edema (water on the lungs) which was not well known at the time and does not respond to antibiotics.

The party established six more camps on the south-east ridge. Camp IX was a bivouac. On the 31st of July, Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni started from the bivouac. They exhausted their oxygen supply 500 feet short of summit but could not resist the temptation to be the first to climb the mighty K2 peak. They, therefore, continued their assault and reached the summit at six in the evening. After staying for a while they started descending and reached Camp VIII round about eleven at night.

Courtesy of jck : In 1978 Americans Louis Riechartd and James Wickwire ascended new route on the north-east ridge.
In 1981 Eiho Ohtani and Nazir Sabir climbed the west pillar.In upper part they traversed to south pillar and reached the summit.
The first ascent from north side(by enourmous north pillar) was made in 1982 by Japanese expedition.
And the came the tragic year 1986: 27 climbers reached the summit but 13 died.Wanda Rutkiewicz reached the top as the first woman.She climbed the normal route via Abruzzi Spur.Jerzy Kukuczka and Tadeusz Piotrowski,Polish climbers,members of international expedition which was leading by Karl Maria Herrligkoffer climbed the central part of south wall.Unfortunately Piotrowski died during descent.
Also in 1986 two Poles Wojciech Wroz,Przemyslaw Piasecki and Slovak Peter Bozik reached the top via south pillar which Reinhold Messner called "Magic line".
There was also two winter attempts,both made by Polish expeditions: in 1987/88 and in 2003 but they were unsuccesful due tobad weather.So the top is still unclimbed in winter.Krzysztof Wielicki,the fifth man who reached all 14 8000 meters peak and who was a member of both winter expeditions said that problably in 2005 or 2006 they will try again to reach the summit during the winter season.

Kuwait Culture

2010-07-29T05:04:00.000-07:00

Kuwait was never a colony and the Kuwaitis have always been free to manage their affairs among themselves as they see fit and develop their unique cultural characteristics in their own way. The Kuwaiti of the pre-oil era survived, in the harshness of the desert or sea, through a mix of finely honed skills and highly developed social organization based on family, can and tribe, which provided the economic and political support necessary for survival. In return for this support, the individual gave unquestioning service and loyalty to his group. This gave rise to clan –based networks, which are still extremely strong and provide the basis of social relations between Kuwaitis today.

The Kuwaiti child was taught from an early age to serve and protect older family members and also, to ensure cooperation between clans, not to embarrass the family, The degree, which a young Kuwaiti was successful in learning his role was reflected in the amount of (face), he earned. The concept of face has the same meaning as respect and reputation in the west, except the face has intensity about it that is almost inconceivable to a westerner. But face accrues not only to the individual but also to the group, and a youth is considered mature once he view personal success as being synonymous with the success of the family or group.

Face is expressed through hospitality, generosity and loyalty to family or particular group. A Kuwaiti spends his life building his personal and social face and the sense of face lies behind many social behaviors in Kuwait.

The dewaniyah or parlour has existed in Kuwait since time immemorial. The term originally referred to the section of a Bedouin tent where the menfolk and their visitors sat apart from the family. In the old city of Kuwait it was the reception area where a man resaved his business colleagues and male guests. Today the term refers both to a reception hall and the gathering held in it, and visiting or hosting a Diwaniyah is an in dispensable feature of a Kuwaiti man’s social life.

As a social event, adiwaniyah takes place in special room or annex, which is usually, separate from the rest of man’s house. Only men are present and they sit around on soft benches or cushion, conversing casually, smoking, nibbling snacks and relaxing the evening, The host’s job is to be hospitable and entertain his guests, and the reputation of a man Diwaniyah is one of the prime ways in which he achieve’s face.

There are also more formal Diwaniyah, which specialize in particular interests, such as politics or science.

Most Kuwaitis men wear a dishdasha, a floor length robe with a center robe opening which is but on over the head. Because it is so well suited to the climate, this basic garment has changed little in the last few hundred years, though the collar, front button fastening and buttoned cuffs are 20th century innovations introduction by Indian tailor . Provided he is not corpulent, the dishdasha can at time make the wearer look quit elegant.

The three-part headdress of the Kuwait male is also very functional. It provides shade during summer, it can be wrapped across the face during sandstorms, and it’s end can be twisted up like a turban if the wearer is doing manual work The gutra is a square piece of cloth which is folded into a triangle and then placed centrally on the head so that the ends hang down equally over the shoulders. It is held in place by an ogal, a double circlet of twisted black cord, which is placed firmly over the head. Often a gahfiah, a close fitting skull cap , is worn under the gutra to stop it from slipping .

The headdress can be worn in various ways, ranging from the stiffly formal to the downright rakish, depending on the wearer’s mode and the social occasion, In the most dignified style the gutra is centered on the head. And pulled down well cover the forehead so that tow pointed ends are arranged on each side of the face, the other at the back, and the ogal is set straight on the head just slightly tilted back from the forehead .The possible variation on this basic positioning are endless. The ogal can be pushed backwards towards the top of the head, pulled down over the forehead, tilted on the kildare side or pulled down over a raffish eye. And once the ogal has been exactly positioned, the gutra can be arranged in various symmetrical and asymmetrical ways. The ends can, for example, be folded neatly back over the shoulders to open the face, or one end can be left hanging forward while the other is folded up and draped back to the head to expose a handsome profile. Shebabs, young Kuwaiti studs, spend a lot of their time getting the lie of ogal and gutra just right.

Once his headgear is settled to his liking, all a Kuwaiti has to complete his dress is to slip on a pair of leather sandals as he goes out the door. In the old days he would properly have girded himself in a leather belt with shoulder strap to hold a sheathed saef (sword) and khanjar (dagger) with possibly a sakeen (dirk) up his sleeve, but today’s Kuwaiti has replaced these manly accessories with those modern necessities, a mobile and pager.Kuwaiti wears white or cream dishdash, with matching gutras, most months of the year.

During winter somber –coloured heavier cloths are used and the gutras is changed to a red and white check, For example, the onset of winter and spring is easily marked when the locals suddenly, within the space of a day or so, change the colour of their clothing. In winter, most Kuwaitis also wear a heavy bisht, a cloak made of traditional thick dun-coloured camel hair or of heavy modern wool, over their dishdash, though the shebab tend to favour thick leather wool-lined zipped jerkins.

On grand occasion, a semi-transparent bisht with zari, special gold braiding, is worn by the rich and powerful, The embossed look of the zari is created by the first hand-embroidering the bisht with gold threads and then hammering the threads so that they become fused.

Kuwaiti women dress in western clothes, Though they may choose from the more demure styles, the latest designs are worn, regardless of the climate or convenience. However their traditional clothing, such as the thob (a straight-sided long overdress), is still used for dancing on festive occasion.

When in public many local women cover their chic western clothing with an aba, a head-to-toe silky black cloak, Bedouin women may also wear a burga, a short black veil that covers the entire face.

The hijab, or Islamic headscarf, which conceals the hair while leaving the face unveiled is not a Kuwaiti garment but is of northern origin. It is worn by many expatriate Muslim women. The hijab is usually complemented by along-sleeved floor-length garment,often in pretty colours, and the overall more elegant than the voluminous aba.

Kuwaiti Society & Culture

Religion

Islam

Islam is practised by the majority of Kuwaitis and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. Islam emanated from what is today Saudi Arabia. The Prophet Muhammad is seen as the last of God's emissaries (following in the footsteps of Jesus, Moses, Abraham, etc) to bring revelation to mankind. He was distinguished with bringing a message for the whole of mankind, rather than just to a certain peoples. As Moses brought the Torah and Jesus the Bible, Muhammad brought the last book, the Quran. The Quran and the actions of the Prophet (the Sunnah) are used as the basis for all guidance in the religion.

Among certain obligations for Muslims are to pray five times a day - at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening. The exact time is listed in the local newspaper each day. Friday is the Muslim holy day. Everything is closed. Many companies also close on Thursday, making the weekend Thursday and Friday.

During the holy month of Ramadan all Muslims must fast from dawn to dusk and are only permitted to work six hours per day. Fasting includes no eating, drinking, cigarette smoking, or gum chewing. Expatriates are not required to fast; however, they must not eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum in public.

Each night at sunset, families and friends gather together to celebrate the breaking of the fast (iftar). The festivities often continue well into the night. In general, things happen more slowly during Ramadan. Many businesses operate on a reduced schedule. Shops may be open and closed at unusual times.

Although over 95% of the population are Muslim, Kuwait is known for its religious tolerance. The three Churches are allowed to practice freely. Kuwait is the only Gulf Country to establish relations with the Vatican.

Kuwaitis show their affection by their unique daily greeting, which is comprised of a hand shake and a kiss or two on the cheek. The greeting also includes a series of questions asking about ones health, family and so on. Being one of the few cultures still holding tight to religion and tradition, men and women who are not related to one another are usually segregated, and it is culturally not acceptable for them to kiss on the cheek.

Entertainment
Kuwait has a semi-Islamic constitution, and in Islam alcohol is prohibited. Most Kuwaitis are so proud that their country is one of the very few countries outlawing the consumption and sale of alcohol. With that being said, one might wonder how do people have fun?

Some people are outdoorsy, and like going to the beach or desert. In the beach one can fish, boat, swim, jet ski or water ski. In the desert one can camp, hunt, ride buggies or hike

An outdoor scene from Marina Mall -Photos from Flickr-Manal Almokimy

AL Fanar Mall

Kuwait has so many beautifully decorated malls, and many Kuwaitis—especially women—like to hangout there. Going to the mall is usually a group thing, where families or friends bond with one another while shopping, dining or simply walking around. Many malls have movie theatres in them, so many people spend some time in malls before they go see their movie.

Chicken Shawarma skewer- Photo from Flickr-Ahmad ALnusif

As mentioned in the food section, food plays an important role in the Kuwaiti culture. Kuwaitis usually have lunch at home, but dinner is most often eaten outside. There is variety of restaurants and cuisines to choose from. Everywhere you go there are small sandwich restaurants selling sandwiches like falafels and shawarmas (shredded beef or chicken). These restaurants are usually called Arab or Kuwaiti fast foods. They are not as unhealthy as American fast food, but they are surely cheap and tasty.

Culture of Norway

2010-07-29T04:39:00.000-07:00

Norwegian culture is closely linked to the country's history and geography. The unique Norwegian farm culture, sustained to this day, has resulted not only from scarce resources and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws. In the 18th century, it brought about a strong romantic nationalistic movement, which is still visible in the Norwegian language and media. In the 19th century, Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature, art and music. This continues today in the performing arts and as a result of government support for exhibitions, cultural projects and artwork.

The Norwegian Language

Over 99% of the 4.3m population of Norway speak the official language, Norwegian. Norwegian has 2 written forms, "Bokmal" (Book Norwegian) and "Nynorsk" (New Norwegian) and they enjoy the same legal recognition, although "Bokmal" is increasingly more common. Minority languages include Finnish, spoken by 0.2% of the population, mainly in the northern region of Finnmark, as well as "Sami", a language closely related to Finnish, spoken by 0.9% of the Norwegian population.

Norwegian Society & Culture

The Family

. Many families consist mainly of the nuclear family.

. Marriage is not a prerequisite to starting a family.

. Many couples live together without legalizing the arrangement with marriage. Therefore, it is best not to make presumptions about people's marital status.

Women

. Women are highly respected in business and generally receive equal pay and have access to senior positions.

. Norwegian women expect to be treated with respect in the office.

. Businesswomen are direct and can be skilled negotiators.

. Women may take up to one year's maternity leave at 80% pay or 10 months at 100% pay.

. If a woman decides to stay home with pre-school children she receives a monthly stipend from the government.

Norwegians have an egalitarian outlook. The concept of Jante Law is in many areas and fields still today strong in Norway. Any form ofelitism is likely to meet strong criticism. Norwegians generally express themselves in very modest terms, especially when it comes to compliments and praises. They are "scrupulous about honesty in communication, often to the point of pointing out the negatives in their own proposals in greater detail than the positives.

There is a strong drive for more individualist values. During the 20th century, these have taken over from the more collectivist tradition. Notably there is very strong support for tolerance toward same-sex relationships compared to most European countries, and Norwegians are often thought of (and most Norwegians think of their country) as a country with little xenophobia.^{[citation needed]} Some of Norway's Culture is religious.

The combination of embracing capitalist values and the Norwegian agrarian modesty has produced an atmosphere that encourages hard work and honesty. Norway generally has low corruption.

Norway has always had a tradition of building in wood. Indeed, many of today's most interesting new buildings are made of wood, reflecting the strong appeal that this material continues to hold for Norwegian designers and builders.

Norway's conversion to Christianity some 1,000 years ago led to the introduction of stonework architecture, beginning with the construction ofNidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.

In the early Middle Ages, stave churches were constructed throughout Norway. Many of them remain to this day and represent Norway’s most important contribution to architectural history. A fine example is The Stave Church at Urnes which is now on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Another notable example of wooden architecture is the Bryggen Wharf in Bergen, consisting of a row of narrow wooden structures along the quayside.

In the 17th century, under the Danish monarchy, cities such as Kongsberg with its Baroque church and Røros with its wooden buildings were established.

After Norway’s union with Denmark was dissolved in 1814, Oslo became the capital. Architect Christian H. Grosch designed the oldest parts of the University of Oslo, the Oslo Stock Exchange, and many other buildings and churches.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Ålesund was rebuilt in the Art Nouveau style. The 1930s, when functionalism dominated, became a strong period for Norwegian architecture, but it is only in recent decades that Norwegian architects have truly achieved international renown. One of the most striking modern buildings in Norway is the Sami Parliament in Kárášjohka designed by Stein Halvorson andChristian Sundby. Its debating chamber is an abstract timber version of a Lavvo, the traditional tent used by the nomadic Sami people

Celebrations

Norwegians celebrate their national day on May 17, dedicated to the Constitution of Norway. Many people wear bunad (traditional costumes) and most participate in or watch the Norwegian Constitution Day parade that day, consisting mostly of children, through the cities and towns. The national romanticist author Henrik Wergeland was the founder of the 17 May parade.

Common Christian holidays are also celebrated, the most important being Christmas (called Jul in Norway after the pagan and early Vikingwinter solstice) and Easter (Påske).

Jonsok (St. John's Passing), or St. Hans (St. John's Day), i.e. 24 June, is also a commonly revered holiday. It marks midsummer and the beginning of summer vacation, and is often celebrated by lighting bonfires the evening before. In Northern areas of Norway, this day has 24 hours of light, while southern areas have only 17.5 hours.

Leisure

Physical culture is also important in one of the most prosperous nations in the world. In terms of the opportunities for enjoying leisure, few countries compare with Norway. With great forests and wide mountain plateaus for winter pleasure and extensive coastal areas and rivers for summer recreation, Norway provides a natural environment which encourages outdoor sports and to a large degree hiking. Many Norwegians own at least one pair of skis, and the Norwegian Mountain Touring Association stands strong.

Cultural institutions

Norway has a wide variety of cultural institutions from the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design and the National Library in Oslo to the smaller galleries and libraries across the country. In recent years, the Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum Authority has done much to encourage synergies between the cultural institutions, particularly at the local level, which has had an impact on schools, local history and community interests. Its website, Culturenet.no, presents information about cultural institutions, artists, exhibitions and events.

Culture of Villiage

2010-07-29T04:25:00.000-07:00

Rosia Valley area: rural customs and traditions

Rosia Valley is one of the main entrance routes to Apuseni Mountains, when coming from Oradea (the capital of Bihor County, N-W Romania) to Beius.

Remetea is a nice village situated in this valley, surrounded by green hills, where Romanians and Hungarians have been living together for centuries.

Visiting this area, you can discover the local history in century old monuments and enjoy local multiethnic flavours in traditional cuisine.

The Reformed Church in Remetea is a page of history that was written in XIII th century where one can admire, even today, the fascinating wall paintings.

As usual, a shot of palinka (traditional plum brandy) before a delicious meal based on a local receipes (Romanian and/or Hungarian) can be a nice oportunity to get a taste of the place and learn about local people .

The villages of Remetea and Rosia were included in a recent project sucessfully run by the Centre for Protected Areas and Sustainable Development Bihor, aimed to contribute to the tourist development of the area in a responsible and sustainable way.

In Rosia village you can visit a century old water mill or learn about the craft of manufacturing the horn-violin at a traditional workshop. This instrument is specific for Bihor area and here you can listen to its sound and stories behind, performed by the man who manufactures it.

In Remetea and Rosia you can find accomodation at local guesthouses, hike on hills, valley, participate in everyday farm activities or just enjoy the peacefull, countryside atmosphere.

From Rosia you can head on to Runcuri Karst Plateau – home of a private innitiative whichcan be considered an example of good practice in the field of responsible tourism. Here you can be accommodated in an old style mountain house, refurbished in order to be able to host tourists and you can learn about the social and environmental responsibility this initiative displays.

In Meziad village you will still find some families who are making lime from limestone, in traditional kilns, using a centuries old method that is specific to this area.

At Meziad Cave Nature Reserve (about 3 km from Meziad village) you can learn about an underground ecosystem where bats have a very important role. The Meziad Cave with its large halls and karstic formations wth strange names hosts large populations of different species of bats. A local cave guide will take you on an unforgetable underground trip.

For those who are looking for adventure, Cutilor Gorges is the right place. You can ask for professional monitors who will introduce you in cave rope climbing techniques in two caves which will challenge your skills and knowledge about speology. For those willing to do rock cllimbing on gorges’ walls, this option is available too.

And one more tip: I think the best way to discover this area is biking. The bike routes are low level of difficulty. Green hills and valleys, country side roads crossing villages with an athmosphere and life style that will take you back in time – enjoy!

Chiscau: Bears’ Cave and ethnography

The village, is well-known for the Bears’ Cave and for the Ethnographical Museum established by Flutur family.

The museum hosts an impressive collection of old traditional objects telling the fascinating story of the communities living in the region since ever.

The founder of this museum is a living history, a grey haired country man with a shiny face and wisdom in his eyes, always welcoming people who enter the largely open gate and visit the ethnographical museum he has set up. Good food, specific local receipes.

The Bears’ Cave was named so as numerous Ursus Spelaeus were found in it. The cave was visited by

these large animals more than 15.000 years ago. But one day, a rock slide closed the entrance while more than 140 bears were still in the cave. Becoming hungry, the bears killed one another until all were dead. This story is told by their remains, tons of bear bones covering the floor of large parts of the cave with the marks of bear teeth. But the Bears’ Cave is also a beautiful cave and this is due to the abundance of speleothemes, stalactites and stalagmites – all forms, all sizes, specifically for karst.

Leheceni: the craft of red pottery

Leheceni is a village that once was an important pottery centre, in the area. Here you can meet and see at work (and you can even practice) a young man who is continuing the tradition of red pottery, once the village was very famous for. Nowadays, it is only him and his uncle who are still working red pottery, shaped in traditional forms and decorated with traditional patterns

Fânate: the story behind the old wooden church and its unique paintings

Here, a young priest will tell you the story of the old wooden church (raised

in the XVII – th century, well-known for the priceless interior paintings on wooden walls) and its restoration and will introduce you in the specificities of the Orthodox ritual. You can then enjoy the traditional cheese-pies (based on a famous local receipe) and a cup of fresh milk or a glass of local wine.

Cultural and traditional values are of great importance to the lives of the young people, as it will determine their behaviour in the future.

Studies have revealed that Papua New Guinea cultures and traditions are fast disappearing due to the negative influence of the western culture upon our lives.

Gone are the days when cultural values, beliefs and practices played a very significant role in our everyday living.

Realizing the negative impact western influence has on our dying cultures and traditions, the Biangai people of Winima and Kuwembu villages in Wau, Morobe province, embarked on a mission to revive and preserve their rich cultures and traditions.

Hidden Valley landowner executives and committees, with the support of Morobe Consolidated Goldfields Abelle, successfully planned and hosted the inaugural cultural day at Winima village on December 18.

Their own tribesmen from Kaisenik, Biawen, Elauru, Werewere and Wandumi villages teamed up with them and took part in the event.

Three live cows and two pigs were slaughtered for the occasion where all the women folk of Winima and Kuwembu villages were involved in the preparation of the traditional food.

The people performed traditional singsings, string band songs, dramas and mourning songs.

They also displayed their traditional ways of hunting, gathering of food, aiming and shooting of bow and arrows and placing of traps.

Due to time limitations and the bad weather, other traditional plays and dramas did not take place.

MCG Abelle’s chief executive officer George Niumataiwalu, external affairs manager Peter Leahy, exploration manager David Osikore, PNG government consultant Bill Searson and project co-ordinator Jerry Naime accepted the invitation and attended the cultural day to strengthen the company and the government's commitment to work closely with the local people of Biangai and Watut.

They were also very impressed with the Biangai people and their desire to learn the importance of preserving their rich cultural heritage and traditions.

China is a big and united family made up of 56 ethnic groups. Geographically speaking, they are distributed in different parts of China with the resulting difficulty of experiencing each ethnic group's architecture, their festivals and tasting their snacks during one of your visits. But the China Folk Cultural Village, lying at the Overseas Chinese Town, Shenzhen, will help solve this problem. It is the first spot in China where you can learn of the folk cultures of China. The more than 200,000 square meters (about 494 acres) has 24 peculiar cottages which are constructed at a ratio of 1:1 and are very welcoming to all visitors.

In the village, you will see the distinctive architecture of ethnic groups and join their brilliant festivals. Buying some handicrafts or tasting local snacks is another way to experience the China Folk Culture Village.

Distinctive Architecture
The stone village of the Buyi ethnic group, distributed mainly in the Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces, is a wonderful stone world. The simple furniture such as tables, stoves and basins are made of stone as it the stone-paved path. When you come to the Mosuo people's yard, you will find that the prototype of modern flats originated from the Mosuo people's living structures. They piled the solid wooden stocks crossways into a square or rectangular house which was quakeproof. What really interests tourists is that this group is today the world's only matriarchal community in existence. The Dai ethnic group inhabits Yunnan Province where there is an abundance of bamboo. Because of this, all the girders, tiles and roofs in their homes are made entirely of bamboo. Yes, you may call it 'a bamboo garden'. Actually, this kind of building is a two-storied attic in the air. Dozens of wooden stocks support the whole attic and the floor is tiled with flakes of bamboo. Here is the Mongol ethnic group which is generally known as 'a group on horse back' because of their nomadic living habits. Mongols live in the yurts which are not only cool in summer and warm in winter but easy to set up or dismantle. No matter which group you are visiting, young boys and girls will warmly welcome your arrival.

Brilliant Festivals
If you come at right time, you will be able to experience some unique festivals of the minorities. In the Water-Splashing Festival, water is splashed on each other. In addition, the dragon-boat contest each spring, maintains the most important event in Dai people's lunar calendar. They hope to get rid of evil and misfortune from the last year and anticipate blessings in the coming year. Come prepared to get thoroughly soaked. In contrast, The Torch Festival is the most traditional event of the Yi ethnic group and held in the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. Tourists will see the Yi people in bright garments carrying torches as they walk around their houses and farmlands. Usually, chickens or ducks will be sacrificed to pay homage to ancestors. Maybe you will be invited to take part in the performance when the villagers happily sing and dance around their bonfires. The breathtaking and memorable Knife Bar Festival of the Lisu ethnic group is celebrated in the second month of the Chinese lunar calendar. This two part festival starts on the first day by demonstrating the 'jumping into the fire sea'. Several barefooted men jump in and out of a blazing fire. The performance on the second day is as adventurous as that on the first day. It is called 'climbing the mountain studded with knives' because courageous men will climb a ladder formed by two wooden poles with 32 sharp long knives inserted crosswise on their inner surfaces. When barefooted heroes reach the top of ladder, they light the firecrackers to declare their success. This traditional festival commemorates Wang Ji, a hero who valiantly helped the Lisu people to resist foreign invaders during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

Melbourne Fashion and Travel Guide

2010-07-28T11:58:00.000-07:00

Australian Made: 100 Years of Fashion

From first European settlement the supply of clothing and the way Australian men and women presented themselves in the new colonies was of vital importance. Whether reflecting status and position in a newly formed society, or exhibiting new found wealth and flamboyance, the nuanced language of fashion was of particular concern for the burgeoning and diverse society. Drawing on the collection of Australian Fashion and Textiles, this exhibition scopes the rise of fashion in Australia from the 1850s to 1950s, while speculating on the fashionable trends and demands of a 100 year development of an Australian style of fashion. The exhibition includes rare early examples of labelled garments from the mid 19th century and a range of dresses, tailored items and accessories that were made and retailed in Australia from the 1850s to 1950s. It also includes a selection of paintings and photographs from the NGV collection showing how the garments were worn.

Think Melbourne, think shopping, the rest of Australia does. For decades the city has been known as the country’s shopping capital, and the question isn’t what can you buy but what can’t you buy! From the large department stores David Jones and Myer, throughout shopping centres such as the Galleria, Australia on Collins and Melbourne Central, to the network of lanes and arcades, every turn reveals a new shopping space with its own personality. So if you want it, this City's got it, all within a short walk or a tram stop or two.

All fashion tastes are catered for, whether you are sticking to a student budget or want the very latest in designer chic. The City offers an A-Z of fine fashion names, from Armani and Allanah Hill to Zegna and Zambesi. Got a hobby or special interest? Whatever your thing might be, you will find it amongst Melbourne's biggest range of speciality shops, right in the heart of the City. The laneways reveal the modern version of an ancient bazaar with intriguing shops selling everything from coins to spells and antique books to model trains. You will also discover mouth-watering department store and shopping centre food halls, as well as the biggest food hall of them all at the Queen Victoria Market, where the only fish that are fresher are still swimming in the sea.

Most stores are open seven days; many stay open late on Fridays to 9pm. As a general rule trading hours for the City shops are; Saturday to Wednesday: 10:00 am to 05:00 pm. Thursday: 10:00 am to 07:00 pm. Friday: 10:00 am to 09.00 pm.

Principal shopping & fashion venues around Melbourne

SUNDAY’S MARKET at the ARTS CENTRE

Corner St Kilda and Southgate Roads, Southbank. Phone 03 9281 8581. More than just another flea market, The Sunday Market showcases over 150 stalls of Victoria's finest artisans' work. Stallholders must be selected after passing strident examination for the quality and diversity of their work. Melbourne is a Mecca for artists of every genre painters, sculptors, visual artists, musicians, and thespians.

Gifted artisans and crafts people market their hand made wares from quaint shops, studios and bazaars where the artist, artisan, miner or crafts person by being on-hand, provides the visitor with the opportunity to buy, first hand. Do something daring buy original and be different. Every lady still drawing breath will fall in love with Melbourne's shopping; language is no barrier as most staff are multilingual. She will discover unique jewellers who create from rare diamonds coloured with hues of rose & champagne. Look on as the jeweller turns and polishes opal then facets gemstones.

Tour Melbourne’s Markets and unearth aromatic leatherwear of distinction, alluring pelts taken from the kangaroo, crocodile, barramundi, emu and flamboyant sea snakes. Artwork may be found everywhere on canvas, ceramics, glass, metals, textiles, earthenware, stoneware, terracotta and clay pots. Hideaway antiques stores and photo galleries must be prospected for that special little, "stumble upon". Rainforest timbers with richly coloured grains are shaped and sculptured as you watch on. Stylish boutiques and market stalls offer garments reflecting the colours, culture and lifestyle of Melbourne. Souvenir an inexpensive t-shirt or treat yourself to a one-off, hand sewn creation by a local couturier. All stalls are under cover and the markets trade every Sunday of the year. The market is located over two levels, along St Kilda Road between the Concert Hall and Theatres building as well as in the undercroft of the Concert Hall.

QUEEN VICTORIA MARKETS

513 Elizabeth Street, Corner of Elizabeth Street and Victoria Street, Melbourne. Phone 03 9320 5822. Over 1,000 stalls selling just about everything. Melbourne's shopping Mecca. This historic landmark and tourist attraction is the largest open-air markets in the southern hemisphere. Officially opened 20th March 1878. Market buildings sell meat products, the open air sheds sell fruit and vegetables, clothing, shoes, baggage, toys, pets, travel goods, jewellery and souvenirs all at bargain prices. Experience the fervour and pace of Melbourne's most cosmopolitan market. See website for night market dates, tours, events and cooking school details. Operates Tuesdays and Thursdays from 06:00 am to 02:00 pm, Fridays from 06:00 am to 06:00 pm, Saturday from 06:00 am to 03:00 pm and Sunday from 09:00 am to 04:00 pm.

FEDERATION SQUARE

Corner Swanston and Flinders Streets, Melbourne. Phone 03 9639 2800. Federation Square is a central and unifying public space, a landmark and a cultural magnet bringing together exquisite gardens, innovative architecture and engineering. Filling an entire city block, Federation Square's creative mix of attractions embody all that is wonderful about Victoria: fine art, fine hospitality, fine flora, bold design and vibrant events. Close by is the Ian Potter Centre incorporating the National Gallery of Victoria, ACMI, the Australian Thoroughbred Racing Museum, SBS, Melbourne Visitor Centre, cafes and restaurants.

ROYAL ARCADE

355 Bourke Street, Melbourne. Built in 1869, this is the city's oldest shopping arcade and despite alterations, it retains an airy, graceful elegance notably lacking in more modern shopping centers. Walk about 10 metres into the arcade, turn around, and look up to see the statues of Gog and Magog, the mythical monsters that toll the hour on either side of Gaunt's Clock. At the far end is a wrought-iron portico from the same period, one of the few remaining examples of the verandas that used to grace the city center.

THE BLOCK ARCADE

280-286 Collins Street, Runs between Collins Street and Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. Phone 03 9654 5244. Melbourne’s principal shopping arcade built in 1891. The grandest arcade of them all, featuring huge ceiling murals and intricate mosaic floors. Walking up and down this section of Collins Street in the late afternoon or on Saturday morning was a favourite pastime between 1870 and 1918. The Block is famous for its arcades, modelled on those of Paris, London and Milan.

SOUTHGATE LEISURE PRECINCT

Maffra Street and City Road, Melbourne. Phone: 03 9699 4311. On the river's edge next to the Victorian Arts Center, the development of Southgate successfully refocused Melbourne's attention on the scenic Yarra River and revitalized a sadly neglected part of the city. Opened in 1992, stylish, cosmopolitan Southgate is a reflection of Australia's cultural diversity, with a distinct Melbourne flavour. Southgate has so much to offer overseas visitors, city workers and day-trippers alike. Restaurants, bars and cafés, 39 unique stores, a riverside Food Court, exciting entertainment programs, secure undercover parking. It's a prime spot for scenic walking being especially vibrant with throngs of people including many street theatre performers.

CHINATOWN

Little Bourke Street between Swanston Street and Spring Street, Melbourne. Phone 03 9658 9658. Situated on Little Bourke Street and the neighbouring lanes between Spring and Swanston Streets, restaurants, cafes and Asian grocery stores dominate the precinct. Chinatown is a bustling thoroughfare with people sounds and smells to invite and entice. Chinese medicine, music, restaurants, gold and jewellery, unique and exotic gifts, cinema, events and festivals, the museum and karaoke are all major features of Chinatown.

CROWN CASINO & CROWN ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEX

8 Whiteham Street, Melbourne. Phone 03 9292 8888. One of the largest gaming facilities in Southern Hemisphere, featuring 350 gaming tables and 2,500 slot machines. A genuine Las Vegas-style gambling palace, encompassing restaurants, upmarket boutiques, nightclubs, two hotel towers, a cinema complex, and floorshows. Open 24 hours except Christmas Day, Good Friday and Anzac Day when it is closed from 04:00 am to noon.

BOURKE STREET MALL

Between Swanston Street and Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. Melbourne’s main department stores are located here along with street performers and buskers performing throughout the mall area.

SOUTHGATE PLAZA

May be reached from the CBD by an arched footbridge located behind the Flinders Street Station. Three levels of shops, restaurants, cafes and bars all overlooking the river.

Melbourne Arts & Culture

Melbourne is indisputably the artistic and cultural capital of Australia. It may be even fair to say the cultural capital of the Southern Hemisphere. Every day of every year is filled with arts festivals, gallery showings, live theatre seasons and musical extravaganzas, in fact, the City hosts more than 300 events each year. Whether it’s a rock concert, an art exhibition, opera or a symphony performance you desire, you will find it in Melbourne.

If heritage and architecture are more your style, a walk around Melbourne will reveal the city’s colourful and diverse history through its buildings. From the majesty of the buildings spawned by the gold rush era through to the ambitious, cutting-edge structures of the 21st Century, Melbourne’s glorious architecture can effortlessly be viewed on foot in a few hours.

Melbourne has always been characterised by innovation and enterprise. The fusion of past tradition and diverse cultural influences has created an invigorated and forward thinking city, a dynamic centre for culture, communities and commerce.

The City is committed to creating an environment that supports the development of quality arts activities, highlighting Melbourne's identity as a significant City for the arts locally, nationally and internationally. The City of Melbourne will continue to reaffirm its vision by the successful management of the City's considerable investment in the funding of arts programs.

Party Fashion

2010-07-28T11:46:00.000-07:00

The Salt star has been traveling the globe on the promotional circuit for her new spy thriller, and we’ve noticed that she (and her stylists) are feeling the long evening looks we’ve been seeing so much of this Resort season. In Moscow on Sunday, she wore a halter-topped Atelier Versace gown in Russian red, complemented by flowing hair and soft, red lips. In Tokyo yesterday, she went back to Donatella’s atelier, choosing a floor-sweeping black Versace gown with a slit high enough to raise plenty of eyebrows (and a heavy, and we’d have to say ill-advised, sky-high beehive to match). And today at a press conference in Seoul, Jolie went the less glamorous route, opting for a full-length column gown with a bare face and barely visible nude heels. It’s been, no doubt about it, a long week. What do you think? Elsewhere, editors like WWD’s Bridget Foley are lamenting that Angie isn’t doing her part as an aspirational fashion icon, a claim that her hit-and-miss style might justify. Do you like Angie’s maxi look—and do you think she’s holding her own on the fashion front?

Clinton wedding shakeup shocker: Chelsea to wear Vera Wang, not Oscar de la Renta, as previously reported?! WWD has its crack investigative team on the case. In less controversial news, Tommy Hilfiger is celebrating his label’s 25th anniversary with a retrospective scrapbook, chronicling his personal and professional life over the past two-plus decades. It will go on sale in Hilfiger stores next month—for a whopping $550. OK, maybe a little controversial, then. After yesterday’s surprise resignation from Vogue Russia editor in chief Aliona Doletskaya, her successor is already in place: former Tatler Russia editor in chief Victoria Davydova (left). Muscovites, as you were. Accessory designer Jérôme Dreyfuss has unveiled the first art installation in his recently opened Soho shop: a canopy of masking-tape flora and fauna created by artist Julien Gardair and inspired by Palm Springs (which also inspired Dreyfuss’ collection).

You might say they’ve had this date since the beginning. When Aimee Cho and Irini Arakas first met, it was as fellow fashion writers for Vogue. Flash-forward a handful of years, and they’re both successful designers: Cho of Gryphon ready-to-wear, and Arakas of Prova scarves and jewelry. So when they met again at Vogue’s Alumni House pop-up during Fashion’s Night Out, working together was the natural progression. “I spent so many years building up Gryphon, just me by myself, that it was nice to be able to work with someone again who I really respect, and who I know is equally creative,” Cho explained. “It was just such a fun experience to be together again.”

They began with the standard Gryphon trench, a best-seller and one that’s already fostered collaborations. (Last season, Cho worked with Sea of Shoes blogger Jane Aldridge, and her mom, Judy, to create a bell-sleeved version.) The design mixes, nearly seamlessly, the sensibilities of both labels. “I haven’t done a lot with natural, found materials like Irini does,” Cho says. “I love the contrast of the sheen of the metal sequins we used, which I think is representative of Prova, but it’s still a very Gryphon thing to have sequins.” “I wanted it to be organic, like my own line,” Arakas chimes in. “Something with found materials, something nature-based right off the bat.” Hence the luminescent tiger’s-eye, quartz, and mother-of-pearl peeking out from beneath the collar (seen in detail above; for a full view, click below), the sequins shining along the belt and back flap. What’s more, the foray into tailored clothing seems to have given Arakas, whose flowing scarves are a favorite of Ikram Goldman and Barneys alike, a nudge in the clothing direction.

Everyone’s favorite ecologist/explorer/dashing young heir David de Rothschild and his soda-bottle boat, the Plastiki, completed their 8,000-mile, trans-Pacific voyage yesterday. By way of contrast, we made the arduous trek from Brooklyn to Manhattan. Kate Moss is apparently hiring a shaman to exorcise the evil spirits from her London home. Seems easier just to take Pete Doherty’s key away, but we’re sure her way will be very effective, too. The revival of nineties supe Kristen McMenamy continues: After walking the Calvin show for Fall, she snagged the cover of Dazed & Confused for August—in all her gray-haired glory. Milly’s moving on up. Designer Michelle Smith announced that she’ll open a 1,900-square-foot store on Madison Avenue in early 2011.

Wedding Fashion

2010-07-28T11:27:00.000-07:00

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Orchid Bramble Product code: D258 Top: Orchid two-toned crepe silk hand embroidered trouser suit with lining inside. Stylish sleeves has long slit. Flare embroidered trouser. Two toned chiffon dupatta with light sequins work. Embroidery includes silver threads, bead and crystal work. An amazing outfit for formal party wear. new jersey (Iselin Jersey City Edison Carteret Fairfield NJ) new york (Oak Tree Road Jackson Heights Hicksville Floral Park Elmont Bellerose NY) pennsylvannia (Pittsburgh Philadelphia Warminster PA) ..	Blue Chic Product code: D949 Top: Blue katan silk kameez having amazing cluttering embellishments all over. Embellished half sleeves. Round neckline. Fully lined. Concealed zip closure. Bottom: Blue katan silk plain shalwar. Dupatta/Veil: Blue chiffon Evening Dresses. Texas (Vista Camino San Antonio Dallas Houston Austin Richardson Irving TX) San francisco (Bay Area richmond San Carlos San Mateo Burlingame SF) Washington DC (Bethesda Kensington McLean Springfield Reston Arlington)

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Golden Banksia Product code: D296 Top: Golden charmeause silk fully embroidered blouse with short sleeves. Bottom / Saree: Golden chiffon Sari with embroidery work made with sequins chiffon Saree Missouri (kansas city) Kansas (Manhattan Wichitia) Delaware (newark) Colorado (Denver) Arizona Connecticut Iowa Michigan Minnesota Nevada North Carolina special occasions bridal special occasion gowns bridesmaid dresses for events outfits for wedding prom dresses High fashion	Navy Buck Product code: D482 Top: Navy katan silk trouser suit has lining inside. V-cut neckline. Bell Sleeves. Floral thread embroidery on shirt and trousers. Aqua katan silk flared embroidered trousers. Two shaded Ohio Oklahoma Portland Richmond Seattle Tennessee Virginia Wisconsin casual shalwar kameez casual bridesmaid dresses casual clothing casual wear casual bridal wear casual casual evening wear pakistani casual tops bollywood casual asian casual designer casual wear

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History

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Tour of Bahrin

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Melbourne Fashion and Travel Guide

Australian Made: 100 Years of Fashion

Principal shopping & fashion venues around Melbourne

SUNDAY’S MARKET at the ARTS CENTRE

QUEEN VICTORIA MARKETS

FEDERATION SQUARE

ROYAL ARCADE

THE BLOCK ARCADE

SOUTHGATE LEISURE PRECINCT

CHINATOWN

CROWN CASINO & CROWN ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEX

BOURKE STREET MALL

SOUTHGATE PLAZA

Melbourne Arts & Culture

Party Fashion

Wedding Fashion